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Tiếng ồn không chỉ làm cho phụ nữ mang thai bị quấy rầy mà chúng còn trực tiếp ảnh hưởng đến cơ sở di truyền của thai nhi, dẫn đến đột biến, gây nên dị hình. Vậy tiếng ồn ảnh hưởng đến thai nhi không? Nên cho thai nhi nghe nhạc từ tháng thứ mấy? và nghe bao nhiêu là đủ? Bài viết dưới đây sẽ làm rõ vẫn đề này.
Nội dung:
Ốc tai và tai của con người phát triển bởi từ tuần thứ 24 đến tuần thứ 28 của thai kỳ, từ thời gian này thính giác của thai nhi bắt đầu hoạt động.
tiếng ồn ảnh hưởng đến thai nhi như thế nào? Nếu phụ nữ mang thai mỗi ngày tiếp xúc từ 6 đến 8 tiếng với tiếng ồn từ 50 đến 80 dB sẽ dẫn đến:
– Tinh thần căng thẳng, thở gấp, nhịp tim tăng nhanh, gia tăng gánh nặng cho tim, phổi;
– Chức năng thần kinh cũng sẽ rối loạn sinh ra đau đầu, mất ngủ;
– Chức năng của hệ thống nội tiết cũng sẽ giảm sút, nhất là hormone tuyến giáp trạng và hormone sinh dục sẽ tiết ra không đủ;
– Chức năng hệ tiêu hóa tổn thương gây trở ngại cho việc ăn uống của thai phụ dẫn đến thai nhi khó có thể được cung cấp đủ dinh dưỡng;
– Khả năng miễn dịch cũng sẽ giảm dẫn đến sức đề kháng của phụ nữ mang thai giảm, dễ mắc bệnh truyền nhiễm do vi khuẩn hoặc virut
→ Học viện Nhi khoa Mỹ đã nghiên cứu: ” Tiếng ồn có ảnh hưởng đến thai nhi, nếu các thai phụ làm việc trong những lĩnh vực tiếp xúc nhiều với tiếng ồn lớn đã thấy thai nhi tiếp xúc với những tiếng ồn này trong thời gian dài có nhiều khả năng bị sinh non, trọng lượng sinh thấp cũng như khả năng mất thính lực cao hơn các bé khác.”
( → Xem thêm: Có nên uống canxi cùng với sữa không? Nên uống cách bao lâu?)
Mặc dù không có nghiên cứu chính thức kết luận cho việc thai nhi nghe nhạc cổ điển sẽ thông minh hơn nhưng các nhà nghiên cứu đều đồng ý rằng nghe nhạc là một lựa chọn tốt khi mang thai dù cho nó có tác động trực tiếp đến sự phát triển của thai nhi hay không.
Nếu thai phụ yêu thích âm nhạc cổ điển, âm nhạc có thể giúp mẹ làm dịu tinh thần. Và khi mẹ bầu cảm thấy thoải mái hơn, bớt căng thẳng thì điều này sẽ có tác dụng tích cực đối với thai nhi.
Thai nhi nghe được khi nào? Ở tuần thứ 20 của thai kỳ, tế bào thính giác bắt đầu biệt hóa mạnh, nhất là những tế bào ở khu vực cung mang hai bên (tương ứng với vùng tai khi thai đã trưởng thành).
Cho thai nhi nghe nhạc từ tháng thứ mấy? Nên cho thai nhỉ nghe nhạc vào tháng thứ 7, vì lúc này các tế bào thần kinh thính giác biệt hóa tương đối hoàn chỉnh, thai nhi có thể cảm thụ rõ ràng các âm thanh, nên sự tác động tích cực của âm nhạc sẽ kích thích các tế bào thính giác tạo nên các xung động kích thích vỏ não;
Từ đó kích thích các tế bào cảm thụ âm thanh của bán cầu não bên đối diện thông qua thể chai, làm cho não của trẻ phát triển tốt hơn
Âm thanh có bản chất là sóng cơ học nên có thể lan truyền trong các môi trường vật chất như lỏng, đặc, rắn và khí.
Bởi vậy nên những âm thanh có tính nhạc với dải tần số 20Hz đến 15.000Hz ở bên ngoài môi trường hoàn toàn có thể lan truyền qua cơ thể mẹ để đến với não trẻ.
!Mẹ lưu ý: Ngoài đặc tính vật lý, âm thanh còn có đặc tính sinh học vô cùng quan trọng. Nếu một bản nhạc mở to với độ lớn của âm thanh trên 80dB, chắc chắn sẽ gây nguy hiểm cho tế bào thần kinh thính giác của thai.
Nếu bản nhạc ấy vặn nhỏ xuống 50dB, trong thời gian ngắn thì không ảnh hưởng gì, nhưng chỉ cần kéo dài quá 8 tiếng đồng hồ thì lại gây hại cho não trẻ.
Từ 3 tháng cuối thai kỳ, não bộ của bé đã có một quá trình phát triển không ngừng để đạt đến 100 tỷ tế bào thần kinh.
Có thời điểm, não thai nhi phát triển với tốc độ hơn 250.000 tế bào thần kinh mỗi phút. Vì vậy, “chăm sóc” quá trình phát triển trí não của trẻ trong giai đoạn mang thai rất quan trọng. Dưới đây là một số lời khuyên dành cho thai phụ:
– Mỗi ngày mẹ nên dành khoảng một tiếng đồng hồ để nghe nhạc cùng con. Mẹ nên lựa chọn tư thế thoải mái nhất để hưởng thụ âm nhạc.
– Không nên áp tai nghe (headphone) vào bụng khi để volume to. Một bản nhạc mở to với độ lớn của âm thanh trên 80dB ẽ gây nguy hiểm cho tế bào thần kinh thính giác của thai.
– Không nên cố nghe những bản nhạc mà mẹ không yêu thích. Vì chỉ khi nghe những bản nhạc yêu thích, thì bản thân các tế bào não của mẹ mới tăng tiết Endomorphin lưu hành trong máu (một hoóc môn nội sinh duy trì sự hưng phấn thần kinh giúp tế bào não tăng phát triển và biệt hóa tốt hơn), nguồn máu này qua rau thai và dây rốn đến vòng tuần hoàn của thai nhi, giúp cho tế bào thần kinh của thai nhi phát triển.
(→ Xem thêm: Những thực phẩm giàu canxi mẹ sau sinh)
Lựa chọn tốt nhất khi mẹ và thai nhi nghe nhạc đó là sử dụng loa ngoài. Nhiều mẹ lo âm lượng loa ngoài không đủ để thai nhi nghe tiếng nhạc nên áp tai nghe vào bụng để bé dễ nghe hơn.
Tuy nhiên, các chuyên gia khuyến cáo mẹ bầu không được áp tai nghe vào bụng quá một giờ mỗi lần bởi lẽ nước ối có khả năng khuyếch đại âm thanh, nếu nghe nhạc quá to trong thời gian dài sẽ ảnh hưởng đến thính lực của bé sau khi ra đời.
Để đảm bảo an toàn, mỗi ngày mẹ có thể cho bé nghe từ 2-3 lần và mỗi lần nghe không quá 20 phút.
Lời khuyên cho mẹ là khi nghe nhạc, mẹ nên duy trì âm thanh dưới 50 dB là an toàn cho thai nhi, đây cũng là mức âm thanh được sử dụng hầu hết ở các đơn vị chăm sóc tích cực cho trẻ sơ sinh.
Dưới đây là mức decibel của âm thanh phổ biến trong gia đình, mẹ có thể dựa vào đó để điều chỉnh âm lượng khi nghe nhạc cho phù hợp nhất:
– Máy giặt: 50-70 dB
– Máy rửa chén: 55-70 dB
– Máy hút bụi: 60-85 dB
– Máy sấy tóc: 60-95 dB
– Đồng hồ báo thức: 65-80 dB
– Tiếng dội nước trong WC: 75-85 dB
– Chuông điện thoại: 80 dB
Nếu còn thắc mắc về việc cho thai nhi nghe nhạc, bạn liên hệ đến tổng đài 1800.1125 để được tư vấn chi tiết hơn nhé!
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